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Cellulosic artificial

Artificial fibers are a chemical modification of natural elements.

They allow to obtain a continuous filament, whose diameter depends on the spinnerets used during the extrusion. This type of yarn is mainly used in the clothing industry or for light fabrics. The result is a light, shiny, fluid, soft, skin-friendly and absorbent fabric.

Cellulosic artificial fibers are defined by the high concentration of cellulose in their composition. Cellulose is a chemical compound, from the carbohydrate family, which is very present in plants and trees. It is widely used in textiles for its insulation, absorption and resistance performances.

Viscose Lyocell Cupro or Bemberg Modal Bamboo Acetate Orange fiber Corn fiber or Ingeo Rose fiber Banana tree

Viscose

Origin :
Artificial cellulosic. We call Rayon staple the short viscose fibers (cracked or cut filaments) and Rayon the viscose in the form of continuous filaments.
Implementation :
It is formed by dissolving wood pulp, mainly eucalyptus, spruce or beech, in caustic soda (NaOH) and carbon sulphide (CS2) and then extruded to form the filament.
Location :
Austria, India, Germany, China, Netherlands, Taiwan, Canada, Indonesia, Thailand.
Filaments :
Continuous filaments with variable diameter.
Use :
Clothing, underwear, furniture, household linen, nonwovens, medical, filtration.
Features :Fatigue resistant, moth resistant, hydrophilic, breathable, soft, wrinkle-free, brilliant, silky, biodegradable
Weaknesses :
Chemicals used harmful to soils and rivers, loss of strength when wet, quite brittle, tendency to shrink, yellowing under the effect of heat.

Lyocell

Origin :
Artificial cellulosic.
Implementation :
The process requires little water and energy and is similar to viscose, but is non-polluting. In the case of Lyocell, the wood pulp, mainly eucalyptus, is dissolved in the solvent NMMO (N-methylmorpholine N-oxide, a derivative of morphine), it is biodegradable, non-toxic and recycled to 97% in closed circuit.
Location :
Austria, China, Germany, Poland, India, Thailand, Indonesia.
Filaments :
Continuous filaments with variable diameter.
Use :
Clothing, underwear, furniture, household linen, nonwovens, medical, filtration.
Features :Hydrophilic, fatigue resistant, moth resistant, brilliant, silky, soft, light, biodegradable
Weaknesses :
Loss of strength when wet, quite brittle, tendency to shrink, yellowing under the effect of heat.

Cupro or Bemberg

Origin :
Artificial cellulosic.
Implementation :
It is obtained by dissolving cellulose in a cuprammonium solution (ammoniacal solution of copper oxide). Cellulose is extracted from cotton linter (fibers around the seeds, waste from the textile industry).
Location :
Japan.
Filaments :
Continuous filaments of about 10 to 12 µm in diameter.
Use :
Clothing, underwear, sportswear, household linen.
Features :Thermoregulating, hypoallergenic, soft, silky, breathable, hydrophilic, light, brilliant, wrinkle-free, easy care, good dye affinity, biodegradable
Weaknesses :
Brittle, low dimensional stability.

Modal

Origin :
Artificial cellulosic.
Implementation :
It is formed by dissolving wood pulp, mainly beech, using the solvent NMMO (N-methylmorpholine N-oxide, a derivative of morphine), it is biodegradable, non-toxic and recycled to 97% in closed circuit.
Location :
Austria.
Filaments :
Continuous filaments with variable diameter.
Use :
Clothing, underwear, sportswear, household linen.
Features :Dimensionally stable, breathable, hydrophilic, soft, light, resistant, wrinkle-free, anti-moth, hypoallergenic, biodegradable
Weaknesses :
Deforestation.

Bamboo

Origin :
Artificial cellulosic.
Culture :
Bamboo is ground into powder to extract the cellulose and then extruded with a chemical mixture (carbon disulfide). It needs little water to grow, and a very fast growth.
Location :
India, China, Indonesia, Ethiopia, Nigeria.
Filaments :
Continuous filaments with variable diameter.
Use :
Clothing, household linen, furniture.
Features :Antibacterial, hydrophilic, soft, light, resistant, breathable, antiUV, anti-shocks, antistatic, anti-odour, wrinkle-free, biodegradable
Weaknesses :
The carbon disulfide used is non-reusable, toxic and polluting.

Acetate

Origin :
Artificial cellulosic.
Implementation :
This fiber is made by a mixture of cellulose (from cotton linters or wood pulp) and acetic acid.
Location :
Germany, Italy, Brazil.
Filaments :
Continuous filaments with variable diameter.
Use :
Clothing, sportswear, aeronautics, furniture.
Features :Soft, brilliant, quick drying, good elasticity, little crumpled, good dimensional stability, thermoplastic, antifungal, hypoallergenic, thermal insulation, low absorbency, biodegradable
Weaknesses :
Flammable, sensitive to acids, bases, some solvents and UV light.

Orange fiber

Origin :
Artificial cellulosic.
Implementation :
It is formed from juice producer waste, extruded by chemical process. Mixture of orange fibers with silk (31%). The cellulose present in the orange peel is extracted by a pressing process, then polymerized and chemically transformed into a multifilament.
Location :
Italia.
Filaments :
Continuous filaments with variable diameter.
Use :
Clothing, lingerie.
Features :Light, easy to dye, easy to print, soft, silky, resistant, ecological, biodegradable
Weaknesses :
Confidential production, not industrialized.

Corn fiber or Ingeo

Origin :
Artificial cellulosic.
Implementation :
PLA (polylactic acid) fiber is produced from corn starch. The sugar in the corn is fermented, distilled and then polymerized in order to be extruded.
Location :
USA, Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, China.
Filaments :
Continuous filaments with variable diameter.
Use :
Clothing, composites (matrix), packaging.
Features :Biodegradable, breathable, absorbs odors, antiUV, non-flammable, resistant, rigid, brilliant, soft, hydrophilic, anti-mite
Weaknesses :
High water consumption for processing, low temperature resistance.

Rose fiber

Origin :
Artificial cellulosic.
Implementation :
It is extracted from the stems of rosebushes in order to extract the cellulose then extruded thanks to a chemical mixture (carbon disulfide).
Location :
India, USA
Filaments :
Continuous filaments with variable diameter.
Use :
Luxury clothing.
Features :Silky, soft, white tone, biodegradable, easy to dye
Weaknesses :
The carbon disulfide used is non-reusable, toxic and polluting, artisanal process.

Banana tree

Origin :
Artificial cellulosic fiber, it comes from the bark of banana trees.
Implementation :
It comes from the waste of the food industry. The pieces of trunk are soaked in water so that it disintegrates and turns into a cellulose pulp that will be spun.
Location :
Japan, Nepal, Philippines, India, Ecuador, Brazil, China.
Filaments :
Continuous filaments with variable diameter.
Use :
Ropes, clothing, composites.
Features :Breaking resistance, brilliant, flexible, light, hydrophilic, antiUV, ecological, biodegradable
Weaknesses :
Artisanal production